情态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。下面是英语情态动词用法与归纳,大家一起来看看吧! 英语情态动词用法与归纳: 1. 在语境中考查情态动词的用法 综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况,有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用,即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思,同时结合句意,就可作出正确选择。如: (1) In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _______ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will 答案为C。分别将四个选项代入句中,显然只有must使句子意思最通顺。句意为:在像机场和火车站这样的比较拥挤的地方,你必须要看好自己的行李。 (2)—What do you think we can do for our aged parents? —You _______ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 答案为A。将四个选项分别代入句中,显然只有A最合适。don’t have to意为“不必”。全句意为:你不必做什么,只需陪陪他们,真诚地对待他们。
2. 考查“情态动词+完成式”的用法 “情态动词+完成式”是高考英语一个十分重要的高频考点,但许多考生由于没有意识到这一点,同时对这类结构的用法没有掌握好,所以常常丢分。对于这一考点,考生首先要明白:当谈论过去情况,对过去情况进行推测或表示责备时,英语必须要用“情态动词+完成式”结构。一般说来,这类考题的选项通常可分类两类,一类是“情态动词+动词原形”,一类是“情态动词+完成式”。做题时,同学们首先根据句子上下文的时间关系,确定谈论的是现在情况还是过去情况,从而据此排除两个选项,然后根据句子语境排除另一个选项。如: (1)—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. —You _______ it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 答案为D。根据I remember I put it here yesterday可知,put用的是一般过去时,也就是说空格处是对过去情况作推测,故可排除A和C。再根据should have put(本来应该放在)和might have put(可能已放在)的不同意思和句子语境可知,此题应选D不能选B。 (2) This cake is very sweet. You _______ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 答案为D。既然蛋糕太甜了,说明“放糖”这个动作已属过去,即此处谈的过去的情况,故可排除A和C。再根据句意可确定答案为D。 3. 考查情态动词所使用的特定句型 有的情态动词在句型使用方面有其特定的习惯,这往往是高考英语命题的一个切入点。如must表示肯定推测时,它只用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句,但表示“必须”时,却可用于否定句或疑问句;又如can表示推测时,通常不用于肯定句,但表示能力时,则又可以用于肯定句。不过,这里要特别提醒同学们的是,有些情态动词所用句型规则中有一些特例,如can表推测时通常不用于肯定句,但有一种特例,就是它可以用于肯定句中表示理论上的推测,通常译为“有时”“时常”。如: In winter the winds can be pretty cold. 冬天风有时很冷。 Children can be very tiring. 孩子们有时候可以让你很伤脑筋。 请看下面的考题: (1) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______be very slow. A. should B. must C. will D. can 答案为 D。can在此表示理论上的推测,可译为“有时”。全句意为:World Wide Web(互联网)有时被人们开玩笑地称为World Wide Wait(全世界都在等),因为它有时会很慢。 (2) Some aspects of a pilot’s job _______ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must 答案为A。第一空填can,表示理论上的推测,意为“有时会”;第二空填have to指客观上的要求使得飞行员不得不这样做。 情态动词(shall,should,ought to): 一、shall 的用法 1. 在疑问句中用于征求对方意见,主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中,也用于第三人称),其意为“要不要”、“…好吗”。如: Shall we meet again tonight? 咱们今晚要不要再碰碰头? Shall they wait for you? 要不要他们等你? 2. 在陈述句中表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等,主要用于第二、三人称。如: You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁) That day shall come.那一天一定会来。(表必然性) You shall hear everything directly you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺) 注:用于第一人称,则表示决心。如 I shall return. 我一定回来。(表示决心) 二、should 和 ought to 的用法 1. 表示均表示“应该”、“按理应当”,有时可互换,只是 ought to 语气更重,较多地反映客观,should 则强调主观看法,用于条件句表示“万一”,还有“竟然”之意。 2. 谈论现在的情况,后接动词原形;谈论正在进行的情况,后接动词的进行式;谈论过去的情况,后接动词的完成式。如: He ought not to [should not] do that. 他不应当这样做。 You should [ought to] be listening. 你应该听才对。 He should [ought to] arrived by now. 到现在他们应该已经到了。 3. 有时表示推测,语气较肯定,通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理),而与之相比,may, might, could 等则相对较弱,尤其是 might, could。请看1998年一道高考题: “When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _____ be ready by 12:00.” A. can B. should C. might D. need 在四个备选项中,A、B和C均表示推测,但A通常不用于肯定句中表示推测,故不宜选;B和C虽均可用于肯定句表示推测,但根据对话情景顾客下午要照片,如果店主中午12点还不能把照片冲洗出来,那么生意肯定难做成,所以店主应用肯定语气较强的should(=应该)来回答顾客,而不是用语气较弱的might(=有可能),即应选B不选C;至于选项D,它作为情态动词通常不用于肯定句,不能选。 情态动词(may与might): 1. 表示允许 表示现在的允许时,若是请求别人允许自己做某事,两者均可用,但用might 语气更委婉;若是自己允许别人做某事,一般只用 may,而不用 might。如: May [Might] I come in? 我可以进来吗? “May [Might] I use your pen? ” “Yes, of course you may.” “我可以借用你的钢笔吗?”“当然可以。”(不能说Yes, you might.) 注:在通常情况下,may 表示允许(请求允许或给予允许)时,总是针对“现在”或“将来”而言,若要表示已经给予或已经存在的允许,则通常不用 may,而用can: Nowadays, children can do what they like. 现在小孩子喜欢干什么就可以干什么。 2. 表示推测 两者都可用,只是 might 比 may 语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。若推测现在的情况,后接动词原形;若推测正在进行的情况,后接动词进行式;若推测过去的情况,后接动词的完成式。如: He may [might] not be there. 他可能不在那里。 He may [might] be waiting for someone. 他可能等人。 They may [might] have seen him. 他们可能见到过他。 注:might 后接动词的完成式,除表示对过去的推测外,还可表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生或表示委婉的批评或责备(此时不用may)。如: You might have let me know before! 你要是早点让我知道就好了! A lot of men died who might have been saved.很多人本来可以获救的却死了。 情态动词考点精确模拟训练: 1. —I thought you wouldn’t mind. —Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _______ me first. A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked 2. —I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice. —Oh, it _______ my aunt Jean. A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been 3. That car nearly hit me; I _______. A. might be killed B. might have been killed C. may be killed D. may been killed 4. He _______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed. A. might fail B. must have failed C. should fail D. could have failed 5. —Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday? —I’m not so sure. She _______ ill. A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 6. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me. A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped 7. We _______ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 8. — I think I’ll give Bob a ring. — You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should 9. — What’s the name? — Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 10. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not 11. — Must he come to sign this paper himself? — Yes, he _______. A. need B. must C. may D. will 12. —May I smoke here? —If you _______, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must 13. — Could I have a word with you, mum? — Oh dear, if you _______. A. can B. must C. may D. should 14. We hope that as many people as possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow. A. need B. must C. should D. can 15. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 16. The teacher _______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must 17. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would 18. The biggest problem for most plants, which ___ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 19. — She looks very happy. She _______ have passed the exam. — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 20. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _______ have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. should 26. — What does the sign over there read? —No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area. A. will B. may C. shall D. must 【答案详解】 1. B。should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事,结果未做”,此处含有责备之意。but you should have asked me first的意思是“你本来应该先问我一声的”。 2. B。对过去情况的肯定推测,宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”,再根据句意,可确定答案为B。注:can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。 3. B。表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事,用“might +动词完成式”,不用“may+动词完成式”。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事,则可用“may [might] + 动词完成式”,如:He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。 4. A。根据下文的 will be 可知,“他考试不及格”是将来的事,据此可排除B和D。再根据语意,排除C。 5. D。从时间上看,由于是昨天没来开会,所以推测“他生病”也应是昨天,故排除A和C。从语境上看,既然上文说I’m not so sure,那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握,故选D。 6. C。根据上文的过去时态可知,此句谈的是过去的事,故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。You could have helped me的意思是“你本来可以帮帮我的(但你却没有帮)”。 7. B。比较:needn’t have done意为“本来不必做某事”,may not have done意为“(过去)可能没有做某事”,shouldn’t have done意为“本来不应该做某事”(must表推测时不用于否定式)。根据句意,显然只能选B。 8. D。将四个选项分别置于句中,比较句意的通顺性,可知填should最佳。 9. A。Shall I…? 意为“要我……吗?”,又如:Shall I help you? 要不要我帮你的忙? Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 你马上洗澡还是我先洗? 10. C。因为她“不会”唱歌,所以我才没有邀请她去参加晚会。句中填can’t最通顺。 11. B。以Must开头的疑问句,在作肯定回答时通常要用must或have to,如:Must we bring our passports with us? 我们必须带护照吗?—Yes, you must. 是的,你们必须要带。 12. D。must在此表示坚持或固执,又如:After I gave her my advice,she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。 13. B。must在此表示坚持或固执,if you must的意思是“如果你一定要说的话,你就说吧”。 14. D。can在此表示希望或建议,可译为“能够”“可以”,如:We can eat out if you like. 如你愿意,我们可以出去吃。 15. C。needn’t have done的意思是“本来不必做某事”(但实际上做了)。又如:You needn’t have been staying up so late. 你本来无需待到这么晚还不睡的。You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。 16. D。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。句意为:我想,老师一定认为约翰逊是值得教的,要不然她就不会在他身上浪费时间了。 17. A。can在此表推测,“can+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测,主要用于否定式或疑问句中。句意为:我的MP4不在包里,我会把它放到哪里去了呢? 18. B。can在此表示能力,can’t表示“不能”。此题所考查的知识点比较简单,但由于句子结构比较复杂,所以许多学生不是由于没有弄清知识点而误选,而是由于不理解句意而误选。全句意为:对于大多数植物来说,它们所面临的最大问题是(有些)动物喜欢以它们为食物,而当它们受到威胁时却不能起身逃跑。 19. C。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。由于“她看上去气色不错”,而且“考试也不难”,所以她一定是通过了考试。 20. D。比较:“could+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来可以”“本来应该”“本来能够”;“must+have+过去分词”的意思是“一定已经”;“might+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来可以”“本来可能”;“should+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来应该”。根据句意,显然只有D最佳。
写人工智能的英语作文
如今人工智能影响着我们生活的方方面面,在英语中也有关于人工智能的作文题材,那你想知道写人工智能的英语作文怎么写吗?下面是小编收集整理的一些写人工智能的英语作文,大家一起来看看吧! 写人工智能的英语作文篇一:
英语学习
2020-10-22